wall up

* * *

* * *

mūrus (archaic orthogr. moerus, Varr. L. L. 5, 32, § 41 Müll.; Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 18, or Ann. v. 376 Vahl.; Verg. A. 10, 24:

moirus,

Inscr. Orell. 566), i, m. [from root mū-; cf.: moenia, munis], a wall; esp. a city wall; mostly in plur. (class.; cf.: moenia, paries, maceria).

Lit.:

muri urbis,

Cic. N. D. 3, 40, 94:

Helvii intra oppida murosque compelluntur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

instruere,

Nep. Th. 6, 4:

ducere,

Verg. A. 1, 423:

aedificare,

Ov. M. 11, 204:

marmoreus,

a balcony, Calp. Ecl. 7, 48.—Also, the wall of a building, Cic. Att. 2, 4, 7:

sanctae res, veluti muri et portae, quodammodo divini juris sunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 9.—

Transf.

A bank, mound, dam, Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 3.—

The rim or side of a pot or boiler:

quae tenui muro spatiosum colligat orbem,

Juv. 4, 132.—

The wooden tower of an elephant, Sil. 9, 601.—

The head-dress of Cybele, ornamented with towers: crinalis, Claud. in. Eutr. 2, 284.—

Trop., a wall, a safeguard, protection, defence (rare but class.):

lex Aelia et Fufia, propugnacula murique tranquillitatis,

Cic. Pis. 4, 9:

Graiūm murus Achilles,

Ov. M. 13, 280:

cor munitum costarum et pectoris muro,

Plin. 11, 37, 69, § 181:

hic murus aëneus esto,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 60.

* * *

* * *

* * *

mūnĭo (old form moenio, v. below), īvi or ĭi, ītum, 4 ( fut. munibis for munies, Veg. Vet. 1, 10, 5), v. a. [moenia, lit. to wall; hence], to build a wall around, to defend with a wall, to fortify, defend, protect, secure, put in a state of defence (class.).

Lit.:

arcem ad urbem obsidendam,

Nep. Tim. 3, 3:

palatium,

Liv. 1, 7:

locum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24, 3.—With abl.:

Alpibus Italiam munierat ante natura,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 14, 34:

domum praesidiis,

id. Cat. 1, 4, 10:

castra vallo fossāque,

with palisades and a trench, Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

locum muro,

id. ib. 29.—With a homogeneous object, prov.:

magna moenis moenia,

you are undertaking a great thing, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 73:

duovir urbis moeniendae,

Inscr. Orell. 7142.— Absol.: quod idoneum ad muniendum putarent, for fortifying, i. e. for use in the fortifications, Nep. Them. 6, 21; Hirt. B. G. 8, 31. —Also, to surround, guard, for the protection of other things: ignem ita munire ut non evagaretur, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 12, 7, 7.—

Transf.

In gen., to defend, guard, secure, protect, shelter:

Pergamum divinā moenitum manu,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 2:

hortum ab incursu hominum,

Col. 11, 3, 2:

spica contra avium morsūs munitur vallo aristarum,

Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

hieme quaternis tunicis et tibialibus muniebatur,

he defended, protected, covered himself, Suet. Aug. 82. —

To make a road, etc., i. e. to make passable by opening, repairing, or paving it:

quasi Appius Caecus viam munierit,

Cic. Mil. 7, 17:

rupem,

Liv. 21, 37:

itinera,

Nep. Hann. 3, 4:

TEMPE MVNIVIT,

Inscr. Orell. 587. —

Trop.

To guard, secure, strengthen, support (cf.:

fulcio, sustineo): meretriculis Muniendis rem cogere,

to maintain, support, Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 54 (dub.; Speng. moenerandis; v. munero).— Am strengthening myself:

munio me ad haec tempora,

Cic. Fam. 9, 18, 2:

imperium,

to secure, Nep. Reg. 2, 2:

muniri adversus fraudes,

to secure one's self, Plin. 37, 13, 76, § 198 (dub. moneri, Jahn):

se contra ruborem,

Tac. Agr. 45:

se multorum benevolentiā,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 84:

se contra perfidiam,

id. Fam. 4, 14, 3:

aliquid auctoritate,

Vell. 2, 127, 2:

domum terrore,

Plin. Pan. 48, 3.—

Munire viam, to make or open a way:

haec omnia tibi accusandi viam muniebant,

prepared the way for your accusation, Cic. Mur. 23, 48:

sibi viam ad stuprum,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 64.—Hence, mūnītus, a, um, P. a., defended, fortified, protected, secured, safe (class.):

nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem et audaciam posset esse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39.— Neutr. plur. munita as subst.: munita viāi, fortification or breastwork of the mouth (cf. Homer. herkos odontôn), the lips, Lucr. 3, 498.— Comp.:

se munitiorem ad custodiendam vitam suam fore,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 3.— Sup.:

munitissima castra,

Caes. B. G. 4, 55.— Adv.: mūnītē, securely, safely (ante-class.):

munitius,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 141. Müll.

munĭo, ōnis, a false reading for nomionem, v. Orell. and Klotz, ad h. l.; Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251.

părĭēs, ĕtis, m. (in Verg. A. 2, 442; 5, 589, pārietibus, quadrisyl.; see Carey's Lat. Prosody, § 47, p. 173) [kindr. with Sanscr. paryanta, from pari-iyanta, margo; Gr. peras, peirar], a wall (cf.: murus, maceria): aut permaceat paries percussus trifaci, Enn. ap. Fest. s. v. trifax, p. 367 Müll. (Ann. v. 524 Vahl.): tosti alti stant parietes, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 116 ib.):

perfodere parietem,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 64; id. As. 3, 2, 17:

perforator parietum,

a term of abuse, id. Ps. 4, 2, 24:

quasi mus, in medio pariete vorsabere,

id. Cas. 1, 52; id. Trin. 4, 3, 32:

quae (domus nostra) non ea est, quam parietes nostri cingunt, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 19; cf. id. ib. 3, 9, 14; id. Mil. 27, 75; id. Top. 4, 22:

parietes disturbare,

id. Par. 4, 1, 28: itaque parietes modo urbis stant;

rem vero publicam penitus amisimus,

the walls, the houses, id. Off. 2, 8, 29:

interiores templi parietes,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122:

intra parietes aluit eam gloriam, quam, etc.,

id. Brut. 8, 32; id. Quint. 11, 38:

parietes turris lateribus exstruere,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

parietibus textum caecis iter,

Verg. A. 5, 589:

fissus tenui rimā paries,

Ov. M. 4, 65:

quae pro pariete subjectae et omni opere conjunctae,

like a wall, Caes. B. G. 4, 17:

non communione parietum sed propriis muris,

Tac. A. 15, 43.—Of walls of wickerwork:

et paries lento vimine textus erat,

Ov. F. 6, 262:

craticii parietes,

Vitr. 2, 8; Plin. 35, 14, 48, § 169; 17, 10, 11, § 62:

craticulam et parietes,

the top and sides, Vulg. Exod. 30, 3.—Prov.:

tua res agitur, paries cum proximus ardet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 84:

utrosque parietes linere,

to carry on both shoulders, Petr. 39: duos parietes de eādem fideliā dealbare, to kill two birds with one stone, Cur. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 29, 2:

in caducum parietem inclinare,

to lean on a broken reed, Spart. Hadr. 23.—

Trop.:

neve inter vos significetis ego ero paries,

partition-wall, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 14:

densitatis,

rampart, Plin. 17, 10, 11, § 62.

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

agger, ĕris, m. [ad-gero].

Things brought to a place in order to form an elevation above a surface or plain, as rubbish, stone, earth, sand, brushwood, materials for a rampart, etc. (in the histt., esp. Cæs., freq.; sometimes in the poets): ab opere revocandi milites, qui paulo longius aggeris petendi causā processerant, Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

aggere paludem explere,

id. ib. 7, 58; cf. id. ib. 7, 86:

longius erat agger petendus,

id. B. C. 1, 42; 2, 15 al.:

superjecto aggere terreno,

Suet. Calig. 19; cf. id. ib. 37:

implere cavernas aggere,

Curt. 8, 10, 27:

fossas aggere complent,

Verg. A. 9, 567: avis e medio aggere exit, from the midst of the pile of wood, Ov. M. 12, 524.— But far oftener,

Esp.

The pile formed by masses of rubbish, stone, earth, brushwood, etc., collected together; acc. to its destination, a dam, dike, mole, pier; a hillock, mound, wall, bulwark, rampart, etc.; esp. freq. in the histt. of artificial elevations for military purposes: tertium militare sepimentum est fossa et terreus agger, a clay or mud wall, Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 2: aggeribus niveis ( with snow-drifts) informis Terra, Verg. G. 3, 354:

atque ipsis proelia miscent Aggeribus murorum, pleon. for muris,

id. A. 10, 24; cf. id. ib. 10, 144:

ut cocto tolleret aggere opus, of the walls of Babylon,

Prop. 4, 10, 22.— A dike of earth for the protection of a harbor (Ital. molo), Vitr. 5, 12, 122; Ov. M. 14, 445; 15, 690.— A causeway through a swamp:

aggeres umido paludum et fallacibus campis imponere,

Tac. A. 1, 61.— A heap or pile of arms:

agger armorum,

Tac. H. 2, 70.— Poet., for mountains:

aggeres Alpini,

Verg. A. 6, 830; so,

Thessalici aggeres,

i. e. Pelion, Ossa, Olympus, Sen. Herc. Oet. 168.— A funeral pile of wood, Ov. M. 9, 234, and Sen. Herc. Fur. 1216.— A heap of ashes:

ab alto aggere,

Luc. 5, 524 Weber.— A high wave of the sea:

ab alto Aggere dejecit pelagi,

Luc. 5, 674:

consurgit ingens pontus in vastum aggerem,

Sen. Hippol. 1015 (cf.:

mons aquae,

Verg. A. 1, 105).—

In milit. lang.

A mound erected before the walls of a besieged city, for the purpose of sustaining the battering engines, and which was gradually advanced to the town; cf. Smith's Dict. Antiq., and Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 2, 12:

aggere, vineis, turribus oppidum oppugnare,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4; id. Att. 5, 20:

esset agger oppugnandae Italiae Graecia,

id. Phil. 10, 9:

celeriter vineis ad oppidum actis, aggere jacto turribusque constitutis, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 12:

jacere,

to throw up, Sall. J. 37, 4; so Vulg. Isa. 29, 3:

aggerem exstruere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 30:

instruere,

id. ib. 8, 41:

promovere ad urbem,

to bring near to the city, Liv. 5, 7.— Hence, poet.: stellatis axibus agger Erigitur, geminasque aequantis moenia turres Accipit, a mound is built provided with wheels (for moving it forwards), Luc. 3, 455; imitated by Sil. 13, 109.—Since such aggeres consisted principally of wood, they could be easily set on fire, Caes. B. C. 2, 14: horae momento simul aggerem ac vineas incendium hausit, Liv 5, 7.— Trop.:

Graecia esset vel receptaculum pulso Antonio, vel agger oppugnandae Italiae,

rampart, mound, Cic. Phil. 10, 4: Agger Tarquini, the mound raised by Tarquinius Superbus for the defence of the eastern part of the city of Rome, in the neighborhood of the present Porta S. Lorenzo, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 67; cf. id. 36, 15, 24, n. 2, * Hor. S. 1, 8, 15; Juv. 5, 153; so id. 8, 43; Quint. 12, 10, 74.—Suet. uses agger for the Tarpeian rock: quoad praecipitaretur ex aggere, Calig. 27.—

The mound raised for the protection of a camp before the trench (fossa), and from earth dug from it, which was secured by a stockade (vallum), consisting of sharpened stakes (valli); cf.

Hab. Syn. 68, and Smith's Dict. Antiq.: in litore sedes, Castrorum in morem pinnis atque aggere cingit,

Verg. A. 7, 159; Plin. 15, 14, 14, § 47.—

The tribunal, in a camp, formed of turf, from which the general addressed his soldiers:

stetit aggere saltus Cespitis, intrepidus vultum meruitque timeri,

Luc. 5, 317:

vix eā turre senex, cum ductor ab aggere coepit,

Stat. Th. 7, 374; cf. Tac. A. 1, 18 Lips.—

A military or public road, commonly graded by embankments of earth (in the class. per. only in Verg. and Tac., and always in connection with viae, agger alone belonging only to later Lat.):

viae deprensus in aggere serpens,

Verg. A. 5, 273:

Aurelius agger, i. e. via Aurelia,

Rutil. Itiner. 39:

aggerem viae tres praetoriae cohortes obtinuere,

Tac. H. 2, 24 and 42; 3, 21 and 23.

fĕnestra, ae (also contr. festra, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 3, 12; Petr. Fragm. p. 872 Burm.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 91, 6 Müll.), f. [root PHAN, in phainô, phaneros], an opening in the wall to admit the light, a window (orig. closed by two wooden shutters or by curtains, and not till the empire by sheets of mica, lapis specularis; cf.

Dict. of Antiq. p. 520 sq.): neque fenestra, nisi clatrata,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 26:

fenestras indere,

id. Rud. 1, 1, 6:

fenestrarum angustias quod reprehendis,

Cic. Att. 2, 3, 2:

bifores,

Ov. P. 3, 3, 5: juncta, closed, * Hor. C. 1, 25, 1; cf.

patulae,

Ov. M. 14, 752:

reticulatae,

Varr. R. R. 3, 7, 3:

se plena per insertas fundebat luna fenestras,

Verg. A. 3, 152:

diversas percurrens luna fenestras,

Prop. 1, 3, 31 Burm. ad loc.:

fenestram in arca facies,

Vulg. Gen. 6, 16 et saep.—

Transf.

A loop-hole for arrows, etc.:

(in turri) fenestras ad tormenta mittenda, in struendo reliquerunt,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9 fin. —

The recess of a window:

concludere in fenestram firmiter,

Plaut. Cas. 1, 44.—

A breach made by besiegers in a wall:

excisa trabe firma cavavit Robora et ingentem lato dedit ore fenestram,

Verg. A. 2, 482.—

Of the senses, windows for intelligence:

ut facile intelligi possit, animum et videre et audire, non eas partes, quae quasi fenestrae sint animi,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 20, 46 —

Poet., transf., of holes through the tips of the ears:

natus ad Euphraten, molles quod in aure fenestrae Arguerint,

Juv. 1, 104.—

Trop., an entrance, admission, opportunity, inlet, occasion [p. 735] (very seldom):

hui quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris!

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 72: si hanc fenestram aperueritis, nihil aliud agi sinetis, Tiber. ap. Suet. Tib. 28.

mācĕrĭa, ae (post-class. form, mācĕ-rĭes, only nom. and acc., Afran. ap. Non. 138; Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 11; Prud. Hamart. 227; Inscr. Grut. 611, 13; Inscr. Orell. 4057), f. [from macero, to soften; orig. a wall built of soft clay; cf. Gr. massô], an enclosure, a wall (class.):

maceriam sine calce ex caementis et silice altam pedes quinque facito,

Cato, R. R. 15; cf. Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 4; 3, 5, 12:

quid maceria illa ait in horto, quaest quae in noctes singulas latere fit minor?

Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 49:

hanc in horto maceriam jube dirui,

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 10:

herba in maceriis nascens,

Plin. 25, 5, 19, § 43:

nulla maceria, nulla casa,

Cic. Fam. 16, 18, 2: post villarum macerias, Sisenn. ap. Non. 141, 23:

fossam et maceriam sex in altitudinem pedum praeduxerant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 69; 7, 70:

maceria ab laeva semitae paulum exstans a fundamenta,

Liv. 42, 15.—

Affliction: facere illi satis vis, quanta illius mors sit maceries tibi? Afran. ap. Non. 138, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 150 Rib.).